Total Knee Replacement (TKR) — also called total knee arthroplasty — is a surgical procedure in which damaged or worn-out surfaces of the knee joint are removed and replaced with artificial components (prostheses). This surgery is typically recommended for individuals with severe knee pain or disability caused by conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or post-traumatic arthritis. Why It's Done Severe knee pain that limits everyday activities (e.g., walking, climbing stairs) Chronic inflammation and swelling not relieved by medications or rest Knee deformity, such as bowing in or out Failure to improve with non-surgical treatments (e.g., physical therapy, medications, injections)