Total Knee Replacement (TKR) Also called Total Knee Arthroplasty, this surgery is performed to relieve pain and restore function in severely diseased knee joints. 🦴 Indications for TKR: Severe osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Post-traumatic arthritis Failure of conservative treatment (medications, physiotherapy, injections) Significant pain, stiffness, or deformity Difficulty in daily activities like walking or climbing stairs 🔍 Preoperative Evaluation: Physical examination X-rays or MRI Blood tests Medical fitness assessment (cardiac, pulmonary, etc.) 🛠️ Surgical Procedure: Damaged cartilage and bone from the femur and tibia are removed. Metal implants are fixed on the femur and tibia. A plastic spacer is inserted between them for smooth gliding. In some cases, the patella (kneecap) may also be resurfaced. ⏳ Surgery Duration: 1–2 hours 🏥 Postoperative Care: Hospital stay: 2–5 days Pain management Early mobilization with physiotherapy (within 24 hours) Walking with walker/crutches initially Gradual recovery over 6–12 weeks ✅ Benefits: Pain relief Improved mobility and quality of life Correction of deformity