Osteoporosis Treatment Overview Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become weak and brittle, increasing the risk of fractures. Treatment aims to slow bone loss, increase bone strength, and prevent fractures. 1. Lifestyle Modifications Diet: High in calcium (e.g., dairy products, green leafy vegetables, fortified foods) Adequate vitamin D (via sunlight or supplements) Exercise: Weight-bearing exercises (e.g., walking, dancing) Strength training to improve bone density and muscle support Balance training to reduce fall risk Avoid: Smoking Excessive alcohol Sedentary lifestyle 2. Medications A. Anti-resorptive Drugs (slows bone loss) Bisphosphonates (e.g., Alendronate, Risedronate, Zoledronic acid) Denosumab (Prolia): injectable, used in postmenopausal women and high-risk individuals B. Anabolic Drugs (promote new bone formation) Teriparatide (Forteo): daily injection, used in severe osteoporosis Abaloparatide Romosozumab (Evenity): for high-risk postmenopausal women C. Hormonal Therapies Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) like Raloxifene Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women (used cautiously) 3. Fall Prevention Home safety modifications (e.g., remove loose rugs, install grab bars) Vision checks Proper footwear Assistive devices if needed 4. Monitoring & Follow-Up Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Testing using DEXA scan (every 1–2 years) Monitor calcium, vitamin D levels, and kidney function during treatment