Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis) – Treatment Overview Frozen shoulder is a condition characterized by pain, stiffness, and limited range of motion in the shoulder joint. It typically progresses through three stages: freezing, frozen, and thawing, each lasting several months. 🔹 Non-Surgical Treatment Options 1. Medications NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen, diclofenac): To reduce pain and inflammation. Oral steroids: Sometimes prescribed short-term for more severe inflammation. 2. Physical Therapy Stretching & range-of-motion exercises are the cornerstone of treatment. Helps prevent further stiffness and gradually improves mobility. Regular guided exercises under a physiotherapist’s supervision are most effective. 3. Hot or Cold Compress Heat before exercise can loosen the shoulder. Cold packs after therapy reduce inflammation and pain. 4. Corticosteroid Injections Injection into the shoulder joint reduces inflammation and pain. May provide faster relief, especially in the 'freezing' stage. 5. Hydrodilatation (Distension Arthrography) Sterile fluid is injected into the joint to stretch the capsule. Usually done under imaging guidance (ultrasound or fluoroscopy). Can improve motion and reduce pain. 6. PRP (Platelet-Rich Plasma) Injections (emerging treatment) May promote healing and reduce inflammation. Evidence is still evolving. 🔹 Surgical Options (If Conservative Treatment Fails) 1. Manipulation Under Anesthesia (MUA) The shoulder is gently moved through full range while the patient is under anesthesia. Helps break adhesions and improve mobility. 2. Arthroscopic Capsular Release Minimally invasive surgery to cut tight portions of the joint capsule. Preferred when there’s significant stiffness unresponsive to therapy. 🔹 Home Care Tips Continue exercises at home as advised by your physiotherapist. Avoid immobilizing the shoulder for long periods. Be patient—most cases improve over time, though full recovery can take 1–2 years. 🔹 When to See a Specialist Persistent or worsening pain/stiffness despite home therapy. Difficulty performing daily activities. Need for corticosteroid injection or surgical intervention.